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Group Processes & Intergroup Relations
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Communication and Group Perception: Extending the `Saying is Believing' Effect

Leslie R. M. Hausmann

VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, leslie.hausmann{at}gmail.com

John M. Levine

University of Pittsburgh

E. Tory Higgins

Columbia University

The saying-is-believing (SIB) effect occurs when tailoring a message to suit an audience influences a communicator's subsequent memories and impressions about the communication topic. Previous studies were restricted to one-person audiences and individuals as the communication topic. The present studies explored the SIB effect with multiple-person audiences and groups as the communication topic. In Study 1, the SIB effect occurred with a 1-person, but not a 3-person, audience. In Study 2, the SIB effect occurred with a 3-person audience when the audience explicitly validated communicators' messages. These findings demonstrate the generalizability of the SIB effect to group contexts, provide further evidence for a shared reality interpretation of this effect, and suggest a potentially important mechanism underlying stereotype development.

Key Words: communication • group perception • saying is believing • shared reality • stereotype development

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Vol. 11, No. 4, 539-554 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1368430208095405
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