|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Vol. 4, No. 4,
317-326 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/1368430201004004002
© 2001 SAGE Publications
Emotional Consequences of Categorizing Victims of Negative Outgroup Behavior as Ingroup or Outgroup
Ernestine H. Gordijn
University of Amsterdam, e.gordijn{at}ppsw.rug.nl
Daniël Wigboldus
University of Nijmegen
Vincent Yzerbyt
Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve
This research examined whether people experience anger after perceiving intentional and unfair behavior of an outgroup which has negative consequences for others, but not for themselves. It was predicted that such outgroup behavior causes anger in the observer, dependent on the categorization of the victims as part of its own group or as part of another group. Participants were primed with information that made either differences or similarities between them and the victims salient, after which they were confronted with negative behavior of an outgroup. Results confirmed the prediction that the same information concerning unfair and intentional behavior of an outgroup harming others led to more anger in the observer when the victims were perceived as ingroup rather than outgroup. Moreover, anxiety was not affected by perception of victims as part of the ingroup or outgroup, suggesting that specific emotions rather than just negative affect were influenced.
Key Words: anger • categorization • emotions • intergroup relations
References
- Aderman, D., Brehm, S. S., & Katz, L. B. (1974). Empathic observation of an innocent victim: The just world revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 342-347.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Branscombe, N. R. & Wann, D. L. (1992). Physiological arousal and reactions to outgroup members during competitions that implicate an important social identity. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 85-93.
- Brown, R. J., & Turner, J. C. (1979). The criss-cross categorization effect in intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 371-383.
- Cook, T. D., Crosby, F., & Hennigan, K. M. (1977). The construct validity of relative deprivation. In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes (pp. 307-336). New York: Wiley.
- De Rivera, J. (1977). A structural theory of emotions. Psychological Issues, 10.
- Doosje, B., Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1998). Guilty by association: When one’s group has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 872-886.[CrossRef][ISI]
- Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology. (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 357-411). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212-228.[CrossRef]
- Gordijn, E. H., Wigboldus, D., Hermsen, S., & Yzerbyt, V. (1999). Categorisatie en boosheid: De invloed van negatief outgroup gedrag [Categorization and anger: The influence of negative outgroup behavior]. In D. Van Knippenberg, C. K. W. De Dreu, C. Martijn, & C. Rutte (Eds.), Fundamentele Sociale Psychologie, 13. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
- Grant, P. R., & Brown, R. (1995). From ethnocentrism to collective protest: Responses to relative deprivation and threats to social identity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 195-211.[CrossRef]
- Kawakami, K., & Dion, K. L. (1993). The impact of salient self-identities on relative deprivation and action intentions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 525-540.
- Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, P. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influence on judgment and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 473-493.[CrossRef]
- Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process. Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.[CrossRef][ISI]
- Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 602-616.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (1998). Intergroup relation: Insights from a theoretically integrative approach. Psychological Review, 105, 499-529.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- McFarland, C., & Buehler, R. (1995). Collective self-esteem as a moderator of the frog-pond effect in reactions to performance feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1055-1070.[CrossRef]
- Ouwerkerk, J. W., Ellemers, N., Smith, H. J., & van Knippenberg, A. (1997). Affectieve en motivationele consequenties van intergroepsvergelijkingen over tijd: De blik op het verleden of de toekomst [Affective and motivational consequences of intergroup comparisons over time: A view on the past or the future]. In C. K. W. De Dreu, N. K. De Vries, D. Van Knippenberg, & C. Rutte (Eds.), Fundamentele Sociale Psychologie, 11 (pp. 168-177). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
- Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813-838.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Smith, E. R. (1993). Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 297-315). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Smith, E. R., & Henry, S. (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642.[Abstract]
- Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Urban, L. M., & Miller, N. (1998). A theoretical analysis of crossed categorization effects: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 894-908.[CrossRef]
- Van Rijswijk, W., & Ellemers, N. (1998). Emotionele reacties op feedback over de eigen groep [Emotional reactions to feedback about one’s own group]. In D. Van Knippenberg, C. K. W. De Dreu, C. Martijn, & C. Rutte (Eds.), Fundamentele Sociale Psychologie, 12 (pp. 86-96). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
- Wright, S. C., Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddan, F. M. (1990). Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 994-1003.[CrossRef]
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. Zebel, S. F. Pennekamp, M. van Zomeren, B. Doosje, G. A. van Kleef, M. L. W. Vliek, and J. van der Schalk
Vessels with Gold or Guilt: Emotional Reactions to Family Involvement Associated with Glorious or Gloomy Aspects of the Colonial Past
Group Processes Intergroup Relations,
January 1, 2007;
10(1):
71 - 86.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Falomir-Pichastor, C. Staerkle, M.-A. Depuiset, and F. Butera
Democracy Justifies the Means: Political Group Structure Moderates the Perceived Legitimacy of Intergroup Aggression
Pers Soc Psychol Bull,
December 1, 2005;
31(12):
1683 - 1695.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
